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Database Normalization and Design
Check your understanding of normalization forms and schema design.
1. What is the primary goal of database normalization?
Increasing query execution speed
Reducing data redundancy and anomalies
Maximizing the number of tables
Encrypting sensitive data
2. Which of the following are types of data anomalies addressed by normalization?
Insertion anomaly
Deletion anomaly
Update anomaly
Index anomaly
3. A table in 2NF must first satisfy the requirements of 1NF.
True
False
4. What does 3NF stand for (full name)?
5. Which normal form eliminates partial dependencies (non-key attributes dependent on part of a composite primary key)?
1NF
2NF
3NF
BCNF
6. Which of the following are requirements for a table to be in 1NF?
All columns contain atomic (indivisible) values
No repeating groups of data
No transitive dependencies
A primary key is defined
7. In a table with composite primary key (OrderID, ProductID) and attributes OrderDate, ProductName, Quantity, which attribute exhibits a partial dependency?
OrderDate
ProductName
Quantity
None of the above
8. A table in BCNF is automatically in 3NF.
True
False
9. What term describes a column (or set of columns) that uniquely identifies each row in a table?
10. What is a functional dependency?
A relationship where one attribute determines another
A rule that enforces referential integrity
A type of index used to speed up queries
A constraint limiting column values to a set
11. Which of the following are examples of attributes in an entity-relationship model?
Simple
Composite
Derived
Multivalued
12. Which normal form addresses transitive dependencies (non-key attributes dependent on other non-key attributes)?
1NF
2NF
3NF
BCNF
13. A foreign key must reference a primary key in another table.
True
False
14. Which steps are typically performed before normalization in database design?
Gathering user requirements
Identifying entities and relationships
Assigning attributes to entities
Decomposing tables to reduce redundancy
15. What is the purpose of a foreign key?
To uniquely identify a record in a table
To enforce referential integrity between tables
To optimize query performance
To encrypt sensitive data
16. Name the normal form that requires every non-trivial functional dependency X→Y to have X as a superkey.
17. Which scenario illustrates a transitive dependency?
StudentID → StudentName
DepartmentID → DepartmentName, and EmployeeID → DepartmentID
OrderID → OrderDate, OrderID → TotalAmount
ProductID → Price, Quantity → Discount
18. What are common problems caused by unnormalized databases?
Data redundancy
Inconsistent data
Difficulty in updating data
Reduced storage requirements
19. Normalization always results in a database with more tables than the initial unnormalized design.
True
False
20. What is a deletion anomaly?
Inability to delete a record due to referential constraints
Deleting a record accidentally removes unrelated data
A deleted record reappears after a transaction rollback
Duplicate records are created when deleting data
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